In 1930 the United States Department of the Interior held a conference in Browning, Montana for plains Indians to display their sign language so that it could be filmed for posterity. The conference was organized by General Hugh Lenox Scott at a cost of $5000 and is an ambitious example of salvage ethnography--the attempt to record the culture of a people thought to be on the verge of extinction.
This fascination collection of film from the conference was placed on YouTube by Tommy Foley, "I have translated the direct literal meaning of the signs in this film to English. Though I have added a little more than the literal meaning in some cases when more was meant by the signer using space, position, combination of signs," writes Foley. The description also contains a link to his website, which is an intriguingly designed site but does not seem to contain any additional information. According to the short descriptions on YouTube accompanying some of the videos, General Scott filmed 300 signs, the start of a project that was to have reached 1300 signs but was never completed.
General Scott is an interesting character in himself who combined a long military career with a lifelong interest in Indians. He graduated from West Point in 1876 and eventually served in the Seventh Cavalry, where one of his tasks was to mark the graves of Custer's men at Little Big Horn! Scott organized Indian troops, watched over an imprisoned Geronimo, served as a military attache to Smithsonian expeditions, was briefly a military governor of Cuba, battled freedom fighters in the Philippines, and was Chief of Staff of the United States Army as the country entered World War One.Scott was one of those nineteenth-century officers who took great interest in American Indians. Though I am usually skeptical when such men are referred to as "experts," in Scott's case it may have been true. Scott's papers at the Library of Congress contain many stories he collected from the Kiowa, for example. Google Books has his autobiography--but since it was published in 1928 we only get the snippet view. A year earlier and we would have the whole thing!
1 comment:
I applauded that you posted this Indian clips. I cannot believe that General Scott recorded his movie in 130 years ago. I imagine how expensive for him to have a film for his project. I bet that it was so difficult for him to carry all of his heavy equipment to make his project and arranged his schedule because of no civilization in these days. I don't think that the soldiers ever care about the Indians or how risk he was in even thought that he could be betrayed his country. Actually, I am not historian. I am hearing impaired and use English Sign Language. It seems that these Indian people, in the movie, repeated their story due lack of education. I am being why they used their sign language. Were their deaf parents taught them sign languages before the movie was invented? Maybe, they had no knowledge how difference between hearing and deaf in these days because of one race - later except the cowboys and the American soldiers.
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